Abstract
Functionalism, a sociological framework that views society as a complex system of interdependent institutions, plays a crucial role in analyzing the structure and dynamics of modern Nigerian society. This paper explores the relevance of functionalist theory to Nigeria, a country marked by ethnic diversity, religious pluralism, and socio-political challenges. It examines how functionalism, as a sociological theory focused on studying social systems, applies to various Nigerian social institutions, including the family, politics, education, and healthcare. The contributions of key proponents like Emile Durkheim are critically analyzed in relation to these Nigerian social systems. Additionally, the paper critically assesses the functionalist perspective on contemporary religious dynamics in Nigeria and its impact on the broader social system. The methodology employed involves a review of relevant literature. The paper argues that while functionalism offers valuable insights into how Nigerian society seeks cohesion, it falls short in addressing the complexities of social issues related to conflict, exclusion, and oppression. Therefore, it suggests incorporating complementary theoretical perspectives, such as conflict theory and historical materialism, to better understand the multifaceted realities of the Nigerian social system. These perspectives enable a more critical examination of power dynamics, social change, and struggles for justice and equality.